Common Clinical Signs and Symptoms for Exam revision notes
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)à low-grade afternoon fever.
- Pneumoniaà rust-colored sputum.
- Asthma à wheezing on expiration.
- Emphysema – barrel chest.
- Kawasaki Syndrome – strawberry tongue.
- Pernicious Anemia – red beefy tongue.
- Down syndrome- protruding tongue.
- Cholera – rice-watery stool and washer
- woman hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration).
- Malaria – stepladder like fever with chills.
- Typhoid – rose spots in the abdomen.
- Dengue – fever,rash, and headache. Positive Herman sign.
- Diphtheria – pseudomembrane formation.
- Measles- Koplik spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa).
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- butterfly rash.
- Leprosy- leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin).
- Bulimia- chipmunk facies (parotid glandswelling).
- Appendicitis rebound tenderness at McBurney s point.
- Rovsing sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ).
- Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip).
- Meningitis
- Kernig sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg
- when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees),
- Brudzinski sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips).
- Tetany hypocalcemia, [+] Trousseau sign; Chvostek sign.
- Tetanus Risus sardonicus or rictus grin.
- Pancreatitis – Cullen sign (ecchymosis of the umbilicus), Grey Turner sign (bruising of the flank).
- Pyloric Stenosis – olive like mass.
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus- washing machine like murmur.
- Addison s disease- bronze like skin pigmentation.
- Cushing s syndrome moon face appearance and buffalo hump.
- Grave s Disease (Hyperthyroidism) Exophthalmos(bulging of the eye out of the orbit).
- Intussusception Sausage-shaped mass.
- Multiple Sclerosis Charcot Triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, and dysarthria.
- Myasthenia Gravis – descending muscle weakness, ptosis (drooping of eyelids).
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome – ascending muscles weakness.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)-Homan Sign.
- Angina — crushing, stabbing pain relieved by NTG.
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)- crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left shoulder, neck, and arms.
- Unrelieved by NTG.
- Parkinson s disease- pill-rolling tremors.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection- Owl eye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells).
- Glaucoma- tunnel vision.
- Retinal Detachment – flashes of light, shadow with curtain across vision.
- Basilar Skull Fracture – Raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) and Battle sign (mastoid ecchymosis).
- Burgers Disease -intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking).
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis – acetone breathe.
- Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) -proteinuria, hypertension, edema.
- Diabetes Mellitus-polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – heartburn.
- Hirschsprung s Disease (Toxic Megacolon) – ribbon-like stool.
- Sexual Transmitted Infections:
- Herpes Simplex Type II painful vesicles on genitalia
- Genital Warts warts 1-2 mm in diameter.
- Syphilis painless chancres.
- Chancroid painful chancres.
- Gonorrhea-green, creamy discharges and painful urination.
- Chlamydia- milky discharge and painful urination.
- Candidiasis- white cheesy odorless vaginal discharges.
- Trichomoniasis- yellow, itchy, frothy, and foulsmelling vaginal discharges.