Tag: mbbs mnemonics

Skin vasoconstriction and temperature When the skin needs to CONServe heat, the blood vessels of the skin CONStrict. When the skin is COld, the blood vessels of the skin COnstrict.   Vitamin D: site of conversion Vitamin D is made in the Dermis Fluid compartments: volumes 12345: 12 liters of interstitial fluid 3 liters plasma volume and 30 liters inside cells 45liters total body water Potassium: causes of potassium leaving cells A$$E$ Acidosis: H+ ions move in. Starvation: catabolism of cells. Stress: catabolism of cells (postoperative). Exercise: catabolism of cells. Sodium chloride lost: K+ replaces it and is then excreted.     Heart valves: placement of valves on standard heart anterior view "Try before you Buy": When read across the page, the tricuspid valve comes before the bicuspid valve. Also, the lunar valves are near the top (in the sky), like the moon.     Aldosterone: regulation of secretion from adrenal cortex  RNAs Renin-angiotensin m echanism Na concentraton in blood ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) Stress     LH vs FSH: function in male LH: Leydig cells stimulated to produce testosterone. FSH: Spermatogenesis stimulated.     Alkalosis vs. acidosis: directions of pH and HCO3 ROME: Respiratory= Opposite: · pH is high, PCO2 is down (Alkalosis). · pH is low, PCO2 is up (Acidosis). Metabolic= Equal: · pH is high, HCO3 is high (Alkalosis). · pH is low, HCO3 is low (Acidosis).         Adrenal gland: functions ACTH: Adrenergic functions Catabolism of proteins/ Carbohydrate metabolism T cell immunomodulation Hyper/ Hypotension (blood pressure control)     MAO isoenzyme form locations · MAO-A in: Adrenergic peripheral structures Alimentary mucosa [intestine] · MAO-B in: Brain Blood platelets     Carotid sinus vs. carotid body function carotid SinuS: measures preSSure. carotid bO2dy measures O2.     Hemoglobin and myoglobin: binding strengths, sites "ABC" of glycosylated Hb (Hb1c): · Glucose binds to Amino terminal of Beta Chain. "HbF binds Forcefully": · HbF binds oxygen more forcefully than HbA, so Oxy-Hb dissociation curve shifts to left. Stored blood is SOS: · Stored blood Hb binds to Oxygen Strongly because of decrease in 2,3 BPG. 2,3 BPG binding site is BBC: · BPG binds to Beta Chain of Hb. Myoglobin binding strength is MOM: · Myoglobin binds Oxygen More strongly than Hb.     Pepsin-producing cells "Chief of Pepsi-Cola": · Chief cells of stomach produce Pepsin.     Hb-oxygen dissociation curve shifts: effect, location Left shift: causes Loading of O2 in Lungs. Right shift: causes Release of O2 from Hb.     Rods vs. cone function RoD: Dim light. Cones: Color.     Pituitary: anterior hypophysis hormones FLATPiG: FSH LH ACTH TSH Prolactin ignore GH     Heart valves: sequence of flow TRIPS BIAS: TRIcuspid Pulmonary Semilunar BIcuspid Aortic Semilunar Alternatively: "TRIPS, MI ASs!" (uses MItral instead of BIcuspid)     Adrenal cortex layers and products "Get your Facts Right, Men are Glued to their Gonads": Glomerulosa Fasciculata Reticularis Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Gonadocorticoids [androgens]     Intrinsic vs. extrinsic pathway tests "PeT PiTTbull": PeT: PT is for extrinsic pathway. PiTTbull: PTT is for intrinsic pathway.     Compliance of lungs factors COMPLIANCE: Collagen deposition (fibrosis) Ossification of costal cartilages Major obesity Pulmonary venous congestion Lung size Increased expanding pressure Age No surfactant Chest wall scarring Emphysema · All but L/A/E decrease compliance.     Diabetes Insipidous: diagnosing subtypes After a desmopression injection: Concentrated urine = Cranial. No effect = Nephrogenic.     Progesterone: actions PROGESTE: Produce cervical mucous Relax uterine smooth muscle Oxycotin sensitivity down Gonadotropin [FSH, LH] secretions down Endometrial spiral arteries and secretions up Sustain pregnancy Temperature up / Tit development Excitability of myometrium down     Oxytocin-producing nucleus of hypothalamus Paraventricular nucleus--> Parturition (childbirth is oxytocin's most important role).     Temperature control: cerebral regions "High Power Air Conditioner": Heating = Posterior hipothalamo [hypothalamus]. Anterior hipothalamo [hypothalamus] = Cooling.