Common Clinical Signs and Symptoms for Exam revision notes

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)à low-grade afternoon fever.
Pneumoniaà rust-colored sputum.
Asthma à wheezing on expiration.
Emphysema – barrel chest.
Kawasaki Syndrome – strawberry tongue.
Pernicious Anemia – red beefy tongue.
Down syndrome- protruding tongue.
Cholera – rice-watery stool and washer
woman hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration).
Malaria – stepladder like fever with chills.
Typhoid – rose spots in the abdomen.
Dengue – fever,rash, and headache. Positive Herman sign.
Diphtheria – pseudomembrane formation.
Measles- Koplik spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa).
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- butterfly rash.
Leprosy- leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin).
Bulimia- chipmunk facies (parotid glandswelling).
Appendicitis rebound tenderness at McBurney s point.
Rovsing sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ).
Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip).
Meningitis
Kernig sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg
when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees),
Brudzinski sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips).
Tetany hypocalcemia, [+] Trousseau sign; Chvostek sign.
Tetanus Risus sardonicus or rictus grin.
Pancreatitis – Cullen sign (ecchymosis of the umbilicus), Grey Turner sign (bruising of the flank).
Pyloric Stenosis – olive like mass.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus- washing machine like murmur.
Addison s disease- bronze like skin pigmentation.
Cushing s syndrome moon face appearance and buffalo hump.
Grave s Disease (Hyperthyroidism) Exophthalmos(bulging of the eye out of the orbit).
Intussusception Sausage-shaped mass.
Multiple Sclerosis Charcot Triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, and dysarthria.
Myasthenia Gravis – descending muscle weakness, ptosis (drooping of eyelids).
Guillain-Barre Syndrome – ascending muscles weakness.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)-Homan Sign.
Angina — crushing, stabbing pain relieved by NTG.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)- crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left shoulder, neck, and arms.
Unrelieved by NTG.
Parkinson s disease- pill-rolling tremors.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection- Owl eye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells).
Glaucoma- tunnel vision.
Retinal Detachment – flashes of light, shadow with curtain across vision.
Basilar Skull Fracture – Raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) and Battle sign (mastoid ecchymosis).
Burgers Disease -intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking).
Diabetic Ketoacidosis – acetone breathe.
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) -proteinuria, hypertension, edema.
Diabetes Mellitus-polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – heartburn.
Hirschsprung s Disease (Toxic Megacolon) – ribbon-like stool.
Sexual Transmitted Infections:
Herpes Simplex Type II painful vesicles on genitalia
Genital Warts warts 1-2 mm in diameter.
Syphilis painless chancres.
Chancroid painful chancres.
Gonorrhea-green, creamy discharges and painful urination.
Chlamydia- milky discharge and painful urination.
Candidiasis- white cheesy odorless vaginal discharges.
Trichomoniasis- yellow, itchy, frothy, and foulsmelling vaginal discharges.

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