Tag: mbbs basic science

Pathology Mnemonics for study part 3

by mediconepal

January 30, 2017

Pathology mnemonics for study part3 in easy ways list of mnemonics here Edwards' syndrome: characteristics EDWARDS: Eighteen (trisomy) Digit ...

Pathology mnemonics for study part3 in easy ways list of mnemonics here Edwards' syndrome: characteristics EDWARDS: Eighteen (trisomy) Digit overlapping flexion Wide head Absent intellect (mentally retarded) Rocker-bottom feet Diseased heart Small lower jaw Fragile X syndrome: features FEMALES FMR1 gene Exhibits anticpation Macro-orchidism Autism Long face with large jaw Everted eyes Second most common casue of genetic mental retardation Achalasia: 1 possible cause, 1 treatment aCHAlasia: 1 possible cause: CHAgas' disease 1 treatment: Ca++ CHAnnel blockers Anemia: TIBC finding to differentiate iron deficiency vs. chronic disease TIBC levels at the: Top=Iron deficiency. Bottom=Chronic disease. Colon cancer: risk factors HULA: Heridity/ Heriditary diseases Ulcerative colitis Low fibre, high fat diet Adenomatous polyps COPD: blue bloater vs. pink puffer diseases emPhysema has letter P (and not B) so Pink Puffer. chronic Bronchitis has letter B (and not P) so Blue Bloater. Macrocytic anaemia: differential FAT RBC: Fetus (pregnancy) Alcohol Thyroid disease(ie hypothyroidism) Reticulocytosis B12 and folate deficiency Cirrhosis and chronic liver disease MI: post-MI complications ACT RAPID: Arrhythmias (SVT, VT, VF) Congestive cardiac failure Tamponade/ Thromboembolic disorders Rupture (ventricle, septum, papillary muscle) Aneurysm (ventricle) Pericarditis Infaction (a second one) Death/ Dressler's syndrome Hypersplenism: criteria "Hyper Splenism Ravages Cells": Hypercellular or normal marrow Splenomegaly Response to splenectomy Cytopenias Whipple's disease: full features WHIPPLES: Weight loss Hyperpigmentation of skin Infection with tropheryma whippelii PAS positive granules in macrophage Polyarthritis Lymphadenopathy Enteric involvement Steatorrhea Pick's disease: features PICK: Progressive degeneration of neurons Intracytoplasmic Pick bodies Cortical atrophy Knife edge gyri Alzheimer's disease (AD): associations, findings AD: · Associations: Aluminum toxicity Acetylcholine deficiencies Amyloid B Apolipoprotein gene E Altered nucleus basalis of Meynert Down's · Findings: Actin inclusions (Hirano bodies) Atrophy of brain Amyloid plaques Aphasia, Apraxia, Agitation DNA-coiled tangles Dementia, Disoriented, Depressed Osteomalacia: features "Vit-D deficiency in ADULT": Acetabuli protrusio Decresed bone density Under mineralization of osteoid Looser's zone (pseudofracture) Triradiate pelvis (females) Anemia (normocytic): causes ABCD: Acute blood loss Bone marrow failure Chronic disease Destruction (hemolysis) Phaeochromocytoma: diagnositc rule · Rule of 10's: 10% ectopic 10% multiple 10% malignant Hematuria: urethral causes NUTS: Neoplasm Urethritis Tumour Stone CREST sydrome: components CREST: Calcinosis Raynaud's phenomena Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangectasia TTP: clinical features Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia PARTNER together: Platelet count low Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic) Renal failure Temperature rise Neurological deficits ERadmission (as it is an emergency) Pancreatitis: causes BAD S#!T: Biliary: gallstones, 1% of ERCP patients Alcoholism/ Azotemia Drugs Scorpion bite/ Sea anenome/ SLE Hyperlipidemia/ Hypercalcemia Idiopathic/ Infectious (mumps, coxsackie, salmonella, ascariasis) Tumor/ Trauma · The drugs are: penacillamine, furosemide, thiazides, ethacrynic acid, steroids, sulfas, ace inhibitors, N-SAIDs, erythromycin, estrogen. Fragile-X syndrome: features DSM-4: Discontinued chromosome staining Shows anticipation Male (male more affected) Mental retardation (2nd most common genetic cause) Macrognathia Macroorchidism Endometrial carcinoma: risk factors HONDA: Hypertension Obesity Nulliparity Diabetes Age (increased) Kawasaki's disease: features FEAR ME: Fever Eye: perilimbic sparing conjunctival injection Adenopathy: usually cervical Rash Mouth: red lips Extremities: red hands and feet · Disease to be feared because of risk of coronary aneurysms. Pheochromocytoma: common symptoms 5 P's: Paroxysmal rise in BP Palpitations Perspiration Pain in abdomen PMV in urine IBD: extraintestinal manifestations "Left intestine to sail the SEAS of the rest of the body": Skin manifestations: erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum Eye inflammation: iritis, episcleritis Arthritis Sclerosing cholangitis MI: complications "LEAP on the MAP": LVF Embolism (systemic) Aneurysm (ventricular) Progressive infarction Myocardial rupture Arrhythmia Pericarditis Portal hypertension: features ABCDE: Ascites Bleeding (haematemesis, piles) Caput medusae Diminished liver Enlarged spleen Alzheimer's disease: features RONALD (Ronald Reagan, a famous victim): Reduction of Ach Old age Neurofibrillary tangles Atrophy of cerebral cortex (diffuse) Language impairment Dementia (MC in elderly)/ Down's syndrome Gout: major features GOUT: Great toe One joint (75% monoarticular) Uric acid increased (hence urolithiasis) Tophi Seronegative spondyloarthopathy: diseases RAPE: Reiter's syndrome Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriatic arthitis Enteropathic arthitis (IBD) Protein C, Protein S: function C and S are: Clot Stoppers · These proteins inhibit coagulation. Melanoma vs. basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma: metastatic ability MElanoma is more likely to MEtastasize. · Basal and squamous hardly ever metastasize. Hepatocellular carcinoma: aetiology, features ABC: Aetiology: Aflatoxins Hep B Cirrhosis · Features: AFP increased (classic marker) Bile-producing (DDx from cholangiocarcinoma) Commonest primary liver tumor Goitre: differential GOITRE: Goitrogens Onset of puberty Iodine deficiency Thyrotoxicosis/ Tumor/ Thyroiditis [Hashimoto's] Reproduction [pregnancy] Enzyme deficiencies Renal failure (chronic): consequences ABCDEFG: Anemia -due to less EPO Bone alterations -osteomalacia -osteoporosis -von Recklinghausen Cardiopulmonary -atherosclerosis -CHF -hypertension -pericarditis D vitamin loss Electrolyte imbalance -sodium loss/gain -metabolic acidosis -hyperkalemia Feverous infections -due to leukocyte abnormalities and dialysis hazards GI disturbances -haemorrhagic gastritis -peptic ulcer disease -intractable hiccups

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