Tag: mbbs easy study

Pathology Mnemonics for study part 2

by mediconepal

January 28, 2017

Pathology Mnemonics for study tips part two ... Immune mediated noncaseating granulomas/ increase Diabetes insipidus/ increase/ Dyspnea Osteopathy Skin ...

Pathology Mnemonics for study tips part two ... Immune mediated noncaseating granulomas/ [Ig] increase Diabetes insipidus/ [D vit.] increase/ Dyspnea Osteopathy Skin (Subcutaneous nodules, erythema nodosum) Interstitial lung fibrosis/ IL-1 Seventh CN palsy Blood disorders: commoner sex HE (male) gets: HEmophilia (X-linked) HEinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, causing HEmolytic anemia: X-linked) HEmochromatosis (male predominance) HEart attacks (male predominance) HEnoch-Schonlein purpura (male predominance) SHE (female) gets: SHEehan's syndrome Thyroid storm characteristics "Storm HITS girls cAMP": Thyroid storm due to: Hyperthyroidism Infection or Illness at childbirth Trauma Surgery · girls: Thyroid storm more common in females. · cAMP: Tx involves high dose of beta blockers (beta receptors work via cAMP) · Alternatively: "S#IT storm": Surgery, Hyperthyroidism, Infection/ Illness, Trauma. Hypothyroidism/thyroiditis: maifestations and morphology "A SCHISM among the Axis during WWII": Addison disease Subacute thyroiditis Cretinism/ Cold intolerance/ Constipation Hashimoto's disease Infectious-subacute thyroiditis Silent thyroiditis Myxedema coma · The Axis: Schimidt syndrome (when other endocrinology disorders accompany Hashimoto's disease) and "Hitler cells" (Hurthle cells, which are follicular epithelial cells with basophilic inculsions) Pheochromocytoma: 3 most common symptoms "PHEochromocytoma": Palpitations Headache Edisodic sweating (diaphoresis) Necrosis: the 4 types "Life Can Get Complicated": Liquifactive Coagulation Gangrene Caseous · 'Life' used since necrosis is 'death'. Thyroid carcinoma: features, prognosis of most popular Most Popular is Papillary. · Clinical features: Papillae (branching) Palpable lymph nodes "Pupil" nuclei (Orphan Annie) Psammoma bodies within lesion (often) · Also, has a Positive Prognosis (10 year survival rate: 98%). Inflammatory Bowel Disease: which has cobblestones Crohn's has Cobblestones on endoscopy. Gout: factors that can precipitate an attack of acute gouty arthritis DARK: Diuretics Alcohol Renal disease Kicked (trauma) · And, the attack occurs most often at night [thus "dark"]. Paget's disease of bone: signs and symptoms Four L's: Larger hat size Loss of hearing: due to compression of nerve Leontiasis ossea (lion-like face) Light-headed (Paget's steal) Adrenal disorders: Cushing's vs Addison's Cushing: is Gushing cortisol. In Addison's: patient's cortisol doesn't Add up. Aneurysm types MAD SCAB: Mycotic Atherosclerotic Dissecting Syphilitic Capillary microaneurysm Arteriovenous fistula Berry Nephrotic syndrome: hallmark findings "Protein LEAC": Proteinuria Lipid up Edema Albumin down Cholesterol up · In nephrotic, the proteins leakout. Ovarian cancers: important types, by WHO classification · Surface: "My Sister Began Experiencing Cancer": Mucinous Serous Brenner Endometrioid Clear · Germ cell: "Doctor Examined The Ovaries": Dysgerminoma Endometrial sinus Teratoma Ovarian choriocarcinoma · Sex cord: "She Felt Grim": Sertoli-Leydig Fibroma Granulosa-theca · Metastatic "Killed": Krukenberg Kwashiorkor: distinguishing from Marasmus FLAME: Fatty Liver Anemia Malabsorption Edema Hemolytic anemia types SHEEP T!T: Sickle cell Heriditary splenocytosis Enzyme deficiencies: [G6P, pyruvate kinase] Erythroblastosis fetalis Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Trauma to RBCs Immunohemolytics: [warm Ab, cold Ag] Thalassemias: [alpha, beta] Oral cancer risks PATH LAB: Plummer-vinson syndrome Alcohol Tobacco Human papilloma virus Leukoplakia Asbestos Bad oral hygiene Calculi: types CAlCUli: Calcium Ammonium magnesium phosphate Cystine Uric acid Wernicke-Korsakoff triad Syndrome in alchoholics, who love to "drink CANs of beer": Confusion Ataxia Nystagmus Wernicke-Korsakoff's psychosis: findings COAT RACK: · Wernicke's encephalopathy (acute phase): Confusion Ophthalmoplegia Ataxia Thiamine tx. · Korsakoff's psychosis (chronic phase): Retrograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia Confabulation Korsakoff's psychosis Atherosclerosis risk factors "You're a SAD BET with these risk factors": Sex: male Age: middle-aged, elderly Diabetes mellitus BP high: hypertension Elevated cholesterol Tobacco Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) : Doesn't Make Dystrophin. Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made Dystrophin (a truncated protein). Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) subtype classification Each subtype has 2 or 3 causes, plus something 1 or 2 more items. MEN I is disease of 3 P's: [Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreas] plus one more: adrenal cortex. MEN II is disease of 2 C's: [Carcinoma of thyroid, Catacholamines (pheochromocytoma)] plus two more: parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous neuromas for MEN IIB (also called MEN III). Takayasu's disease is Pulseless disease "Can't Tak'a ya pulse" (Can't take your pulse): Takayasu's disease known as Pulseless disease, since pulse is weakened in the upper extremities. Hypercalcemia: symptoms of elevated serum levels "Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans": Bones: pain in bones Stones: renal Groans: pain Psychic moans/ Psychological overtones: confused state Colon carcinoma: aeitiology CRAPS: Chronic ulcerative colitis Ratio of animal fat:fibre diet Adenomatous polyps Familial Polyposis Strong family history of colon cancer. Kawasaki Disease Criteria "Be careful when riding a Kawasaki motorcycle, you might get CREAMed. Conjunctivitis (non-exudative) Rash (polymorphous non-vesicular) Edema (or erythema of hands or feet) Adenopathy (cervical, often unilateral) Mucosal involvement (erythema or fissures or crusting) To have Kawasaki disease you must have fever for greater than 5 days plus 4 of the above. Neurofibromatoses: chromosome mutation locations in von Reckinghausen (type I) vs. type II "von Recklinghausen" has 17 letters and is due to a mutation on chromosome 17. "Neurofibromatosis type 2" has 22 and is due to a mutation on chromosome 22. Fat embolism: findings "Fat, Bat, Fract": Fat in urine, sputum Bat-wing lung x-ray Fracture history · Also, fracture of FEMur causes Fat EMboli. Histiocytosis X: hallmark finding "Birbeck's rackets is X": Tennis rackets under electron microscope is Histiocystosis X. Consider 2 tennis rackets in an X formation.

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