Common Clinical Signs and Symptoms for Exam revision notes

Common Clinical Signs and Symptoms for Exam revision notes

• Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)à low-grade afternoon fever.
• Pneumoniaà rust-colored sputum.
• Asthma à wheezing on expiration.
• Emphysema – barrel chest.
• Kawasaki Syndrome – strawberry tongue.
• Pernicious Anemia – red beefy tongue.
• Down syndrome- protruding tongue.
• Cholera – rice-watery stool and washer
• woman hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration).
• Malaria – stepladder like fever with chills.
• Typhoid – rose spots in the abdomen.
• Dengue – fever,rash, and headache. Positive Herman sign.
• Diphtheria – pseudomembrane formation.
• Measles- Koplik spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa).
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- butterfly rash.
• Leprosy- leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin).
• Bulimia- chipmunk facies (parotid glandswelling).
• Appendicitis rebound tenderness at McBurney s point.
• Rovsing sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ).
•  Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip).
• Meningitis
• Kernig sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg
• when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees),
• Brudzinski sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips).
• Tetany hypocalcemia, [+] Trousseau sign; Chvostek sign.
• Tetanus  Risus sardonicus or rictus grin.
• Pancreatitis – Cullen sign (ecchymosis of the umbilicus), Grey Turner sign (bruising of the flank).
• Pyloric Stenosis – olive like mass.
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus- washing machine like murmur.
• Addison s disease- bronze like skin pigmentation.
• Cushing s syndrome moon face appearance and buffalo hump.
• Grave s Disease (Hyperthyroidism) Exophthalmos(bulging of the eye out of the orbit).
• Intussusception Sausage-shaped mass.
• Multiple Sclerosis Charcot Triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, and dysarthria.
• Myasthenia Gravis – descending muscle weakness, ptosis (drooping of eyelids).
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome – ascending muscles weakness.
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)-Homan Sign.
• Angina — crushing, stabbing pain relieved by NTG.
• Myocardial Infarction (MI)- crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left shoulder, neck, and arms.
• Unrelieved by NTG.
• Parkinson s disease- pill-rolling tremors.
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection- Owl eye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells).
• Glaucoma- tunnel vision.
• Retinal Detachment – flashes of light, shadow with curtain across vision.
• Basilar Skull Fracture – Raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) and Battle sign (mastoid ecchymosis).
• Burgers Disease -intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking).
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis – acetone breathe.
• Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) -proteinuria, hypertension, edema.
• Diabetes Mellitus-polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – heartburn.
• Hirschsprung s Disease (Toxic Megacolon) – ribbon-like stool.
• Sexual Transmitted Infections:
• Herpes Simplex Type II painful vesicles on genitalia
• Genital Warts warts 1-2 mm in diameter.
• Syphilis painless chancres.
• Chancroid painful chancres.
• Gonorrhea-green, creamy discharges and painful urination.
• Chlamydia- milky discharge and painful urination.
• Candidiasis- white cheesy odorless vaginal discharges.
• Trichomoniasis- yellow, itchy, frothy, and foulsmelling vaginal discharges.